Some are larger and very heavily armoured and with large guns, while others are smaller, lightly armoured, and equipped with a smaller caliber and lighter gun. Until the arrival of the main battle tank, tanks were typically categorized either by weight class ( light, medium, heavy or superheavy tanks) or doctrinal purpose ( breakthrough-, cavalry-, infantry-, cruiser-, or reconnaissance tanks). Fully integrating tanks into modern military forces spawned a new era of combat: armoured warfare. These features enable the tank to perform well in a variety of intense combat situations, simultaneously both offensively (with direct fire from their powerful main gun) and defensively (as fire support and defilade for friendly troops due to the near invulnerability to common infantry small arms and good resistance against heavier weapons, although anti-tank weapons used in 2022, some of them man-portable, have demonstrated the ability to destroy older generations of tanks with single shots ), all while maintaining the mobility needed to exploit changing tactical situations. The use of tracks rather than wheels provides improved operational mobility which allows the tank to overcome rugged terrain and adverse conditions such as mud and ice/snow better than wheeled vehicles, and thus be more flexibly positioned at advantageous locations on the battlefield. They have heavy vehicle armour which provides protection for the crew, the vehicle's munition storage, fuel tank and propulsion systems.

Modern tanks are versatile mobile land weapons platforms whose main armament is a large- caliber tank gun mounted in a rotating gun turret, supplemented by machine guns or other ranged weapons such as anti-tank guided missiles or rocket launchers. They are a mainstay of modern 20th and 21st century ground forces and a key part of combined arms combat.Īn M4 Sherman tank in Italy in 1943 during WWII A Leopard 2A7 tank in Germany Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine usually their main armament is mounted in a turret. The first tank to engage in battle, the British Mark I tank (pictured in 1916) with the Solomon camouflage schemeĪ tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat.

For other uses, see Tank (disambiguation).

Designing military tanks